Evaluating The Ethical Principles Of An Axis And...

Presenting differing values on an axis and identifying concrete points at which certain values outweigh others provides a useful framework for ethically evaluating policy decisions. Vaccine mandates can elicit emotionally charged responses, and simplification of arguments to their ethical ideals can provide essential guidance when crafting policy decisions. Field and Caplan attempt to apply sometimes vague guiding ethics to a real policy issue and are able to draw a conclusion from their model. In their attempt to fit these ethical theories to a graphical model, Field and Caplan make a few substantial simplifications. First, their analysis of the utilitarian perspective does not take the degree of harm into account. Rather, it is simply presented as what is best for the greatest number of individuals. Harms should be considered relative to one another. For example, death of one individual due to a vaccination would outweigh moderate illness of an unvaccinated individual contracting a disease; the two harms are not equal. Further, there is a question of why the different principles are considered separate lines when determining ethics. Field and Caplan make a decision that mandatory vaccination is ethical based on the overlap of autonomy and utilitarianism. The four principles that slope in the same direction could be considered additively, as all contribute some weight to the final decision about the ethics of compulsory vaccination. 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